LGAM Knowledge Base

Access Lane - An access lane is a rear or side lane providing access to parking on lots with street frontage and/or short connections between access places or access streets principally to facilitate movement of service and emergency vehicles.

Access Place - An Access Place is a cul-de-sac or minor street providing local residential access with shared traffic, pedestrian and recreation use, but with pedestrian priority.

Access Street - An access street is a street providing local residential access with shared traffic, pedestrian and recreation use with local traffic priority.

Accumulated Depreciation - Accumulated depreciation is the total amount of depreciation charged to an asset from when it was first recognised to a given point in time.

Acoustic Logging - Acoustic logging is a method of determining the location of a leak in a water main, by placing listening devices at known distances along the main.

Advanced Asset Management - Advanced Asset Management is Asset Management which employs predictive modelling, risk management and optimised decision making techniques to establish asset lifecycle treatment options and related long term cashflow predictions.

Aerobic Wastewater System - An Aerobic Wastewater System is an aerobic biological wastewater treatment system, usually producing secondary treatment.

Aerodrome - An aerodrome is a defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations, and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

Aerodrome Beacon - An Aerodrome Beacon is an aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air.

Aggregate - Aggregate is a material composed of discrete mineral particles of specified size or size distribution, produced from sand, gravel, rock or metallurgical slag, using one or more of the following processes: selective extraction, screening, blasting or crushing. Aggregate is used in the construction of sprayed seals.

Airport - An airport is a location where aircraft such as Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land.

Allotment Drainage - Allotment Drainage is a system of field gullies, manhole chambers and underground pipes constructed within private property to convey flows through and from allotments.

Annual Average Daily Traffic - Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a useful and simple measurement of how busy the road is.

Annual Service Cost - The Annual Service Cost is an estimate of the cost that would be tendered, per annum, if tenders were called for the supply of a service to a performance specification for a fixed term. The Annual Service Cost includes operation, maintenance, depreciation, finance, opportunity and disposal costs, less revenue.

Aquifer - An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted. Some Councils rely on aquifers for part of their water supply.

Aquifer Recharge System - An Aquifer Recharge System is a system for pumping or otherwise transferring stormwater or treated wastewater from a surface storage into an aquifer.

Arterial Road - An Arterial Road is a road that predominantly carries through traffic from one region to another, forming principal avenues of travel for traffic movements. [1].

Asbestos - Asbestos is a fibrous form of mineral silicates belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups of rock-forming minerals, including actinolite, amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, chrysotile (white asbestos), crocidolite (blue asbestos), tremolite, or any mixture containing one or more of the mineral silicates belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups.

Asbestos Cement - Asbestos Cement (AC) is am material constructed from sand aggregate and cement reinforced with asbestos fibres.

Asbestos Management Plan - An Asbestos Management Plan is a document created to help persons with control of premises to comply with the asbestos prohibition and prevent exposure to airborne asbestos fibres while ACM remain in the workplace.

Asbestos Register - An Asbestos Register is a register of asbestos-containing materials.

Asphalt - Asphalt is a composite material consisting of bituminous binder and mineral aggregate mixed together then laid down in layers and compacted.

Asphalt Overlay - An Asphalt Overlay is a course of asphalt applied to and existing road surface or other pavement.

Asset - An asset is an object (physical or intangible) that has an identifiable value and a useful life greater than 12 months, that is or could be used by the entity responsible for it to provide a service.

Asset Class - An asset class is a grouping of assets of a similar nature and use.

Asset Condition - Asset condition is a measure of the health of an asset.

Asset Condition Inspection - An Asset Condition Inspection is an inspection carried out on an asset to determine its condition.

Asset Disposal Plan - An Asset Disposal Plan is a plan that documents the timing of, and the costs associated with the disposal of assets. It typically forms part of an Asset Management Plan.

Asset Hierarchy - An asset hierarchy is a framework for segmenting an asset base into appropriate classifications. The asset hierarchy can be based on asset function; asset type or a combination of the two.

Asset Inventory - An asset inventory is a list of assets containing sufficient information about the assets to physically locate and identify them.

Asset Management Framework - An asset management framework is the way in which asset management is approached within an organisation.

Asset Management Improvement Plan - An Asset Management Improvement Plan is a strategic plan that provides for monitoring and control of the Asset Management Improvement Activites. It provides the link between the Asset Management Strategy and the annual operations plans and budgets. This plan will ensure that acceptable progress is made on improving asset management processes and procedures and that progress can be verified and quantified.

Asset Management Plan - An Asset Management Plan (AMP) is a plan developed for the management of one or more infrastructure asset classes with a view to operating, maintaining and renewing the assets within the class in the most cost effective manner possible, whilst providing a specific level of service."

Asset Management Policy - An Asset Management Policy is a high level document that describes how an organisation intends to approach asset management within the organisation.

Asset Management Strategy - An Asset Management Strategy is a strategy for the implementation and documentation of asset management practices, plans, processes & procedures within an organisation.

Asset Management System - An Asset Management System (AMS) is software system designed to manage assets.

Asset Register - An asset register is a database containing specific information about the assets owned or controlled by an organisation.

Asset Replacement Profile - An asset replacement profile is the projected variation over time of capital expenditure on replacement of assets.

Asset Strategic Plan - The Financial Management Standard 1997 requires asset strategic planning to be undertaken by agencies as part of their strategic and operational planning processes. The asset strategic plan links with other strategic plans of the agency including finance, human resources and information systems as enabling strategies for the delivery of the agency's core services.

Asset Sustainability Ratio - The Local Government Association of South Australia collects information on the performance of all Councils as part of its Comparative Performance Measurement Project (CPMP). Sources of this information include a number of government agencies, and a voluntary community survey.

Attack Hydrant - An attack hydrant is a term used to describe a fire hydrant with flow and pressure suitable for fighting a fire at a commercial premises. In most cases it would be an internal hydrant on a commercial premises supplied from a permanent booster pump or a fire fighting appliance.

Audit Trail - An audit trail is a cross-referenced record of relevant information accompanying an entity's financial statements, sufficient in detail and clarity to enable an informed opinion to be formed as to the validity of such statements.

Australian Height Datum - The Australian Height Datum (AHD) is a geodetic datum for altitude measurement in Australia.

Auxiliary Lane - An auxiliary lane is that portion of the carriageway adjoining through traffic lanes, used to separate either faster overtaking traffic or slower moving vehicles from through traffic, or for other purposes supplementary to through traffic movement.

Balance Tank - A Balance Tank is a tank or reservoir used to store water for the purpose of equalising or balancing fluctuating demand.

Barbecue Shelter - A barbecue shelter is a shelter erected above a barbecue to provide shade and/or protection rain.

Baseline Water Use - Baseline Water Use is the water usage for all sites within an organisation’s Water Management Action Plan over a 12 month period.

Benchmarking - Benchmarking is a process to measure, analyse, assess and describe an organisation’s performance against agreed criteria for appropriate management purposes. It is a tool used to compare a company’s performance against recognised benchmarks, targets or compliance with local laws.

Bicycle Path - A Bicycle Path is a track, path, track or lane designated for use by cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded.

Bikeway - A bikeway is a road, track, path or marked lane designated for use by cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded.

Binder - A binder is a bituminous material used for waterproofing the surface of a road or similar pavement and holding an aggregate layer to it.

Biofiltration System - A Biofiltration System is a system that uses plants or other biological agents to treat water.

Bio-Retention System - A Bio-Retention System is a well-vegetated, retention cell or pond designed to enhance water filtration through a specially prepared sub-surface sand filter. Bio-retention cells may be incorporated into grass or vegetated swales or may be a stand-alone treatment system. The system incorporates vegetation with medium-term stormwater retention and sub-surface filtration/infiltration.

Biosolids - Biosolids is sewage sludge that has been stabilised and is suitable for beneficial reuse.

Bitumen - Bitumen is a very viscous liquid or a solid, consisting essentially of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which are soluble in carbon disulphide. It is substantially non-volatile and softens gradually when heated. It possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. It is obtained from native asphalt or by processing the residue from the refining of naturally occurring crude petroleum. Bitumen is used in the construction of Sprayed Seals.

Bitumen Seal - > Sprayed Seal

Black Water - Black water is water which contains human, food or animal waste.

Blower - A blower is a piece of machinery used to force air to flow from one point to another.

Boat Ramp - A Boat Ramp is a structure for loading & unloading boats. A boat ramp provides a trafficable sloping surface that transitions from land to water and allows boats on trailers to be backed into the water and launched.

Booster Pump Station - A Booster Pump Station is a pump station designed to boost the pressure of water within a long pipeline. Typically they would be used to boost low reticulation pressure in areas of higher elevation but can also be used to boost pressure in long transfer mains.

Bore - A bore is a shaft constructed to extract water from an aquifer.

Bore Pump Station - A Bore Pump Station is a water pump station designed to extract water from an aquifer.

Box Culvert - A Box Culvert is a reinforced concrete structure used in drainage and road works.

Bridge - A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle.

Bridge Load Limit - A bridge load limit is a restriction placed on the mass vehicles allowed to cross a given bridge.

Bro-Pit - A Bro-Pit is a precast Side Inlet Pit manufactured buy Rocla.

Brownfields Valuation - A Brownfields Valuation is a valuation of an asset that takes into account the cost associated with; existing underground services, adjacent buildings or other similar constraints when calculating the replacement cost of the asset.

Buffer Zone - A buffer zone is an area of land separating certain types of development from adjoining sensitive land uses to minimise negative impacts. [1]

Building - A building is any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy.

Building Envelope - The term Building Envelope is used to describe the structure of of a building including; external walls, internal weight-bearing walls & cladding.

Built-Up Area - The Australian Road Rules define a built-up area as "an area in which there are buildings on the land next to the road, or there us street lighting, at intervals not over 100 metres for a distance of at least 500 metres or if the road is shorter than 500 metres for the whole road.

Business Continuity Management - Business Continuity Management: A holistic management process that identifies potential impacts that threaten the organisation and provides a framework for building resilience with the capability for an effective response that safeguards the interests of key
stakeholders, reputation, brand and value creating and service delivery activities.

Bus Shelter - A Bus Shelter is a shade structure erected adjacent to a bus stop, to shield potential passengers from rain and/or the sun.

California Bearing Ratio - The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength of road subgrades and basecourses. It was developed by the California Department of Transportation.

Capital Expenditure - Capital Expenditure is basically any expenditure that creates an asset or that increases an existing assets its remaining useful life (RUL).

Capital Upgrade - A Capital Upgrade is any project (including a land purchase) that extends or upgrades and asset to cater for growth or additional service levels.

Car Park - A car park is a cleared area that is more or less level and is intended for parking vehicles. [1]

Carriageway - The carriageway is that portion of the road formation, including lanes, auxiliary lanes and shoulders that is set aside for the use of vehicles, either moving or stationary.

Carriageway Width - The Carriageway Width is the width of road including shoulders and axillary lanes devoted to the use of vehicles.

Carrying Amount - Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. [1]

Cashflow - Cashflow is the stream of costs and/or benefits over time resulting from a project investment or ownership of an asset.

Catch Pit - A catch pit is a stormwater pit located at the end of a drainage channel used to settle out solids before the flow enters a pipe drain.

Chip Seal - > Sprayed Seal

Cladding - Cladding is a layer of material applied to the outside of a building or structure to control the infiltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic purposes. Cladding does not necessarily have to provide a water-proof condition but is instead a control element. This control element may only serve to safely direct water or wind in order to control run-off and prevent infiltration into the building structure.

Cloud Computing - Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet.

Collective Intelligence - Collective intelligence is a shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals.

Collector-Distributor Road - A Collector-Distributor Road is an auxiliary road, separated laterally from, but generally parallel to, a through road and joining it at a limited number of points. The road serves to collect traffic from and distribute traffic to several local roads. [1].

Collector Road - A collector road is a non-arterial road that collects and distributes traffic in an area as well as serving abutting property.

Collector Street - A collector street is a street providing for local residential access and collection of traffic from access places and/or access streets.

Communal Street - A communal street is a carriageway providing access to a housing development and which is under the control of a body corporate or equivalent.

Community Centre - A Community Centre is a public building where members of a community may gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes.

Community Engagement Plan - A Community Engagement Plan is a plan that specifies how the community should be involved in the decision making process for a given project and how to use community input to make better decisions.

Community Plan - A Community Plan is a plan developed through community consultation to achieve a community endorsed vision for the future.

Community Service Level - A community service level is a service level that specifies the level of service that is to be provided to the community.

Component - A component is a part of an asset that for any reason needs to be identified separately from its parent asset. Reasons may include a different useful life or maintenance regime.

Composite Asset - A composite asset is an asset necessarily assembled from from or compromised of assemblages and/or components.

Compressor - A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

Computerised Maintenance Management System - A Computerised Maintenance Management System (CMMS) is a computer system that schedules, tracks and monitors maintenance activities and provides cost, component item, tooling, personnel and other reporting data and history.

Condition-Based Depreciation - Condition-Based Depreciation is the determination of accumulated depreciation as the cost in any reporting period of restoring an asset's gross service potential, based on the condition of the asset within the period. Changes from year to year in cumulative depreciation so determined represent the annual depreciation.

Condition Based Maintenance - Condition based maintenance is a maintenance technique that involves monitoring the condition of an asset and using that information to predict its failure.

Condition Monitoring - Condition Monitoring is the continuous or periodic inspection, assessment, measurement and interpretation of the resultant data, to indicate the condition of a specific component so as to determine the need for some preventive or remedial action. [1]

Confined Space - A confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed space that -:

• (a) is at atmospheric pressure when anyone is in the space and
• (b) is not intended or designed primarily as a workplace and
• (c) could have restricted entry to, or exit from the place and
• (d) is, or is likely to be, entered by a person to work and
• (e) at any time, contains, or is likely to contain, any of the following-
  • (i) an atmosphere that has potentially harmful levels of contaminant
  • (ii) an atmosphere that does not have a safe oxygen level
  • (iii)anything that could cause engulfment.

Constructed Wetlands - A constructed wetlands is a shallow pool of water, characterised by extensive areas of emergent aquatic plants/macrophytes, designed to support a wide range of micro-organisms and plants associated with the breakdown and trapping of nutrients. Wetlands may be designed as permanent wet basins (perennial) or ephemeral systems.

Construction Safety Plan - A Construction Safety Plan is a plan prepared by a principal contractor under Section 263 of the Queensland WH&S Regulation 2008.

Core Asset Management - Core Asset Management is Asset Management which relies primarily on the use of an asset register, maintenance management systems, job/resource management, inventory control, condition assessment, simple risk assessment and defined levels of service in order to establish alternative treatment options and long-term cashflow predictions. Priorities are usually established on the basis of financial return gained by carrying out the work (rather than detailed risk analysis and optimised decision making).

Corporate Plan - A Corporate Plan is a business plan that identifies a Council's strategic direction and outcomes for the future.

Corrective Maintenance - Corrective maintenance is maintenance carried out after a failure has occurred, and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform its required function. (This may include breakdown maintenance or reactive maintenance)

Cost - Cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the other consideration given to acquire an asset at the time of its acquisition or construction or, where applicable, the amount attributed to that asset when initially recognised in accordance with the specific requirements of other Australian Accounting Standards.

Councillor - A councillor is an elected representative on a local government council.

Court - A court or cul-de-sac is a dead-end street with only one inlet/outlet.

Crack Sealing - Crack Sealing is the process of sealing cracks in sealed roads with a hot polymer/rubberised bitumen sealant.

Creation/Acquisition Plan - A Creation/Acquisition Plan is a document that defines how an organisation decides when new assets need to be created and existing assets need to be upgraded, the projected cost of these works and the standards applicable to them. Construction/Acquisition Plans are often a section within an Asset Management Plan.

Critical Asset - A critical asset is an asset for which the financial, business or service level consequences of failure are sufficiently severe to justify proactive inspection and rehabilitation. Critical assets have a lower threshold for action than non-critical assets.

Critical Assets - Critical assets are assets for which the financial, business or service level consequences of failure are sufficiently severe to justify proactive inspection and rehabilitation. Critical assets have a lower threshold for action than non-critical assets.

Criticality - Criticality is the quality, state, or degree of being of the highest importance.

Crocodile Cracking - Crocodile Cracking is interconnecting or interlaced cracking in a road seal resembling the hide of a crocodile. Cell sizes can vary in size up to 300mm across, but are typically less than 150mm across. Crocodile Cracking is often a sign of pavement failure.

Cul-de-sac - A cul-de-sac or court is a dead-end street with only one inlet/outlet. [1].

Cultural Asset - A cultural asset is an asset of cultural significance, that won't depreciate in value over time. Examples of cultural assets include artwork & antique furniture.

Culvert - A culvert is a conduit used to enclose a flowing body of water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway, or embankment for example. Culverts can be made of many different materials; steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and concrete are the most common. Formerly, construction of stone culverts was common.

Current Asset - A "current asset" is an asset which is expected to be consumed within one financial year.

Customer Request Management - Customer Request Management or Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is the processes a company uses to track and organize its contacts with its current and prospective customers. CRM software is used to support these processes.

Cyclical Maintenance - Cyclical maintenance or cyclic maintenance is maintenance which is repeated on a periodic basis.

Dam - A Dam is a structure designed to impound the water of a river or other watercourse.

Data Dictionary - A data dictionary, is a centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format.

Degradation Curve - A degradation curve is a graph of an asset's condition or remaining service potential plotted over time.

Depot - A depot is a centralized store or operating base for logistical use by commercial or governmental bodies for storage of goods, training of personnel, or maintenance of vehicles.

Depreciation - Depreciation is the reduction in the value of an asset due to usage, passage of time, environmental factors, wear and tear, obsolescence, depletion or inadequacy.

Depreciation Charge - The depreciation charge or depreciation expense is the dollar amount of depreciation charged to an asset over a given period of time.

Deprival Value - The "Deprival Value" of an asset is the value of the present owner if the owner were deprived of the asset and was required to continue to deliver the same level of service. Assets are valued at an amount that represents the entire loss that might be expected to be incurred if the entity were deprived of the service potential or future economic benefits of particular assets at the reporting date. This is a valuation basis that reflects a non-market concept of the value in use of assets as part of a going concern.

Desktop Revaluation - A desktop revaluation is a revaluation of an asset classes undertaken without physical inspection of the assets, typically done by applying revised unit rates to known quantities of assets.

Detention Basin - A Detention Basin is large, open, free draining basin that temporarily “detains” collected stormwater runoff. These basins are normally maintained in a dry condition between storm events.

Development - A development is any change to the use of land requiring town planning approval and/or oversite.

Development Area - A Development Area is an area identified as having potential for housing following strategic planning and study.

Development Contribution - A development contribution is a fee or contribution charged against a development for the provision of infrastructure.

Development Manual - A Development Manual is a document that specifies a Council's requirements with regard to the design & construction of infrastructure assets.

Development Plan - A Development Plan is a plan which identifies the precise conditions for housing and other activities in a Development Area.

Directive - A directive is a generic term for all formal guidance, instructions, or orders issued by an organization.

Disposal - Disposal is any activities necessary to dispose of decommissioned assets.

Disposal Plan - A Disposal Plan is a document that defines how an organisation decides when an asset should be retired or disposed of, and the activities associated with the process, including sale, demolition or relocation. Disposal Plans are often a section within an Asset Management Plan.

District Park - A District Park is a mid-sized park providing a range of facilities and activity space for recreation or sport. These parks cater for large groups and are appealing to a range of users or groups. They service several communities or suburbs and are a fairly well known destination for those people living within their catchment.

Document/Records Management System - A Document/Records Management System is a software system designed to manage documents & records.

Drainage Basin - A drainage basin is an artificial basin designed to hold stormwater runoff for a limited period of a time.

Drainage Catchment - A drainage catchment is the area of land contributing stormwater runoff to a given point.

Drainage Channel - A drainage channel is an open drain constructed for the purpose of transporting stormwater runoff.

Drainage Reserve - A Drainage Reserve is a parcel of land set aside for drainage purposes. Drainage Reserves usually contain either a drainage basin or an open drain.

Drainage System - A drainage system is a system of gully inlets, pipes, overland flow paths, open channels, culverts and detention basins used to convey runoff to its receiving waters.

Drinking Water Scheme - Drinking Water Scheme means the "infrastructure owned by a drinking water service provider for single or multiple combinations of the individual components of treatment, transmission, reticulation, or the storage of recycled water to augment a drinking water supply." - The Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water, Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Manual.

Driveway - A driveway is a type of private road for local access to one or a small group of structures, and is owned and maintained by an individual or group.

Economic Life - The Economic Life of an asset is the length of time for which maintaining and operating the asset remains the lowest cost alternative for providing a nominated level of service. "

Economic Value - The economic value of an asset is the discounted cashflow value derived by discounting the free cashflow of the asset by an appropriate risk adjusted rate.

Edge Break - An Edge Break is a broken or irregular edge of a road wearing surface.

Edge Drop-off - An edge drop-off is road geometry defect where the vertical distance from the edge of seal to the adjacent shoulder exceeds acceptable limits.

Effluent - Effluent is residual or waste water, including sewage, which is flushed through sewerage pipes and treated before re-use or discharge to the environment.

Embellishment - Literally an embellishment unnecessarily added touch, an ornamental addition, a flourish, but in Australian local government parlance it is sometimes to used to describe an asset or improvement, especially within a park.

Emulsion Seal - An Emulsion Seal is a type of surface treatment. An emulsion seal is very similar to a standard sprayed seal but the bitumen-water emulsion can be successfully used at lower temperatures.

Enclosed GPT - An enclosed GPT is a type of Gross Pollutant Trap consisting of a fully enclosed trash rack and/or sediment collection sump usually located at or near the end of a stormwater pipe

Environmental Management Plan - An Environmental Management Plan is a plan dedicated to the protection and enhancement of the environment.

Environmental Park - An Environmental Park is a park with a primarily ecological purpose, being the protection of an area of significant environmental value. These parks protect and enhance biodiversity by providing habitat for flora and fauna and may include movement corridors. These parks are planned and managed to protect environmental values, but are often also embellished to enable recreational use, such as a pathway or a cycleway.

Expenditure - Expenditure is the spending of money on goods and services.

Extranet - An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity, and possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers or other businesses.

Facility - A facility is a group of assets located within a designated area that are associated in some way.

Failure Mode - An asset's failure mode describes the way in which a failure occurs.

Fair Value - Fair Value is "the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties, in an arms length transaction." This is equivalent to the market value of the asset where one exists. If there is no market the fair value can be determined on a cost of acquisition basis.

Feed Hydrant - A feed hydrant is a term used to describe a fire hydrant suitable for supplying water to the suction of a fire fighting appliance.

Field Inlet Pit - A field inlet pit is a grated stormwater pit designed to drain a low point. Field inlet pits are typically located in parks, footpaths, medians and similar locations.

Final Seal - A Final Seal is a sprayed seal applied over the top of a primerseal about a year after the initial construction of a road pavement.

Financial Capitalisation Threshold - Councils in some (all?) states are required by legislation to set an amount below which the value of a non-current asset must be treated as an expense. This amount is sometimes referred to as the "Financial Capitalisation Threshold".

Financial Management - Financial Management is the management of the finances of an organisation in order to achieve financial objectives.

Fire Access Track - A fire access track is a track that is designed, constructed and maintained for the safe passage of fire fighting vehicles undertaking fire suppression activities. [1]

Fire Fighting Appliance - Fire Fighting Appliance is a term used to describe a fire truck with a booster pump used to boost water pressure for fire fighting.

Fire Fighting Flow - The fire fighting flow is the flow rate required for fire fighting purposes established by assessing the building material type, building design and size and referring to the Fire Fighting Regulations.

Fire Hydrant - A fire hydrant is a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.

Fitout - The term fitout (from a building valuation perspective) is the internal fittings and fixtures (that are permanently attached to the
building, e.g.

• Floor Coverings (carpet, vinyl, tiles, timber boards)
• Ceilings
• Internal walls
• Light fittings
• Electrical Cabling & Fittings
• Toilets
• Kitchens

Fixed Asset Register - A fixed asset register is a high-level, asset register designed primarily to cater for the financial aspects of asset management rather than the engineering & operational aspects of asset management.

Floating GPT - An Floating GPT is a type of Gross Pollutant Trap consisting of a partial channel-width floating boom directing floating litter and debris into a floating pollutant retention cage.

Flushing - Flushing (in the context of a road seal) is the partial or complete immersion of aggregate into the bituminous binder causing low texture depth and inadequate skid resistance.

Footpath - A footpath is a strip of concrete, asphalt, pavers, bitumen seal or crushed rock laid between the back of kerb and the property boundary (or elsewhere) for use as a path by pedestrians.

Footpath Grinding - Footpath Grinding is a maintenance activity involving grinding down of exposed footpath lips with a mechanical grinder.

Formation - The Glossary of Austroads Terms defines the "Formation" as "the surface of finished earthworks, excluding cut or fill batters."

Freeway - A freeway is a type of road designed for safer high-speed operation of motor vehicles through the elimination of at-grade intersections.

Fully Funded Depreciation - Fully Funded Depreciation is the amount saved to replace assets at the end of their useful life.

Funded Depreciation - Funded Depreciation is the amount of revenue raised to fully cover the calculated cost of depreciation in any given year.

Future Economic Benefit - The future economic benefit embodied in an asset is the potential to contribute, directly or indirectly, to the flow of cash and cash equivalents to the entity.
OR
In respect of not-for-profit entities, whether in the public or private sector, the future economic benefits are also used to provide goods and services in accordance with the entities' objectives.

Gabion - A gabion is a cage, cylinder, or box filled with soil or sand that can be used in drainage channel construction, road building, shore protection works or other civil engineering works, undertaken by councils.

Geocentric Datum of Australia - The Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) is the current Australian coordinate system. It replaced the Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD).

Geographical Information System - A Geographical Information System (GIS) is an information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyses, shares, and displays geographic information. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user created searches), analyse spatial information, edit data, maps, and present the results of all these operations.

Government 2.0 - Government 2.0 is a recently coined term describing attempts to apply the social networking and integration advantages of Web 2.0 (wikis, blogs, rss feeds, etc.) to the practice of government. The term is also used to describe general non-technological efforts to make government more open, collaborative and cooperative, and more encouraging of open consultation, open data and knowledge sharing.

Grated Field Inlet Pit - A Grated Field Inlet Pit is a type of Stormwater Pit designed to receive stormwater through a grate in the top of the pit.

Grated Kerb Inlet Pit - A Grated Kerb Inlet Pit is a stormwater pit with a grated inlet located within the tray of the kerb & channel.

Grated Pit - A Grated Pit is a type of Stormwater Pit incorporating a metal grate to stop the ingress of rubbish into the pit.

Gravel Resheeting - Gravel Resheeting is the process of applying a layer of gravel (usually about 150mm) to a section of unsealed road.

Gravel Road - A gravel road is an unsealed road constructed with imported rock.

Greenfields Valuation - A Greenfields Valuation is a valuation that estimates the cost to replace an asset, assuming there are no existing underground services or adjacent buildings or other similar constraints that will adversely effect the cost of reconstructing or replacing the asset.

Grey Water - Grey water (greywater) is household wastewater which has not been contaminated by toilet discharge. Grey water includes wastewater from baths, showers, bathroom wash basins, clothes washing machines, sinks and laundry tubs.

Gross Pollutant Trap - A Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) is a device designed to trap coarse pollutants in stormwater.

Guardrail - A Guardrail is a fence or similar structure designed to prevent vehicles from veering off the roadway into oncoming traffic, crashing against solid objects or falling over an embankment. A secondary objective is keeping the vehicle upright while deflected along the guardrail.

Guidepost - A guidepost is a white timber or plastic post fitted with delineators that is used to mark and delineate roadside hazards, road widths, alignments and structures. They should be installed at a uniform distance from the edge of the road.

Guide Sign - A guide sign is a traffic sign that tells drivers about where to go and what they will find there.

Gully Inlet - The Queensland Urban Drainage Manual uses the term "gulley inlet" in defining the term "Drainage System, but does not explicitly define it. It is presumably a type of kerb inlet.

Gully Pit - A gully pit is a type of grated stormwater pit.

Hazard - A hazard is any matter, thing, process or practice that may cause death, injury, illness or disease.

Headwall - A headwall is a small retaining wall placed at the outlet of a stormwater pipe or culvert.

Herbicide Spraying - Herbicide Spraying is a maintenance activity carried out by many Councils to remove grass and weeds from around obstacles, such as guide posts, road signs & guard rail that make roadside slashing impractical.

Heritage Asset - A "Heritage Asset" is an asset with historic, artistic, scientific, technological, geographical or environmental qualities that is held and maintained principally for its contribution to knowledge and culture and this purpose is central to the objectives of the entity holding it.

Highlift Pump Station - A Highlift Pump Station is a pump station designed to pump treated water into the water reticulation system at pressure either directly or via a Water Tower.

Highway - A highway is a main road declared a highway by the State or Federal Government and typically used for travel by the public between important destinations, such as cities, large towns, and states.

Impairment - In accounting, the term impairment means a downward revaluation of fixed assets.

Industrial Collector Road - An industrial collector road is a road that acts as a feeder or connecting road, linking industrial areas within the arterial or distributor road system. Industrial collectors will provide direct frontage to industrial lots and access to industrial access roads.

Infill Housing - Infill housing is a general term used for new housing in existing residential areas and usually involving the use of a vacant site or the removal of an existing dwelling to enable construction of a larger number of dwellings.

Infrastructure - Infrastructure is any long-life physical asset that consists of an entire system or network (including components), not otherwise defined, which provides the foundation to support public services and enhance the capacity of the economy.

Infrastructure Asset Management - Infrastructure Asset Management is the discipline of managing infrastructure assets.

Inlet Pit - An inlet pit is a stormwater pit with an opening or grate designed to allow stormwater to enter.

Intangible Asset - An intangible asset is as an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance.

International Roughness Index - The International Roughness Index (IRI) is a worldwide standard for measuring pavement smoothness. The index measures pavement roughness in terms of the number of metres per kilometre that a laser, mounted in a specialised van, jumps as it is driven along a road. The lower the IRI number, the smoother the ride.

Intervention Level - In asset management the term intervention level refers to the condition score below which the owner or operator of an asset has decided it should not be allowed to deteriorate, i.e. the point in an asset's life at which it should be programmed for renewal.

Intranet - An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational systems with its employees.

Invert Crossing - An invert crossing is a section of kerb & channel adjacent to a driveway or pathway, with a flatter than normal profile to allow vehicles to easily cross the kerb.

Jetty - A jetty is a structure extending into a body of water, which protects a harbor or coastline from the effects of currents and tides.

Junction Pit - A junction pit is a stormwater pit lacking an inlet of any type.

Junction Structure - A junction structure is a manhole, pit or chamber constructed at the junction of two or more pipes, or at a change of grade.

Kerb Crossing - A kerb crossing is a modified section of kerb & channel or a structure adjacent to a driveway designed to allow vehicles to cross from the road to the the driveway.

Kerb Inlet - A kerb inlet is an inlet to a stormwater pit located behind or adjacent to a section of kerb & channel.

Kerb Inlet Pit - A kerb inlet pit is a stormwater pit located under or behind a section of kerb & channel with an opening and/or grate designed to allow stormwater to enter.

Key Performance Indicator - A key performance indicator (KPI) is a measure of performance. Such measures are commonly used to help an organization define and evaluate how successful it is, typically in terms of making progress towards its long-term organizational goals.

Knowledge Management - Knowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of practices used in an organisation to identify, create, represent, distribute and enable adoption of insights and experiences.

Land - Land is the part of the Earth that is not covered by water.

Landfill - A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.

Landfill Environment Management Plan - A Landfill Environment Management Plan (LEMP) is a technical reference document, design record, and general management and monitoring plan for the development and ongoing operation of a landfill site.

Level of Service - "Level of Service" can be defined as the service quality for a given activity. Levels of Service are often documented as a commitment to carryout a given action or actions within a specified time frame in response to an event or asset condition data.

Library - A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both.

Lifecycle Cost - The term Lifecycle Cost refers to the total cost of ownership over the life of an asset including; planning, design, construction/acquisition, operation, maintenance, renewal, finance and disposal costs.

Lifecycle Cost Analysis - Lifecycle Cost Analysis is a method of assessing which asset option, will be the most economical over an extended period of time.

Linear Park - A Linear Park or Coridoor Park is a park that provides recreation and commuter connections
and include parks along waterways. These parks provide links between residential areas and community destinations such as schools, shopping centres, sport parks and recreation parks. Linear parks with a bushland setting, such as along waterways, provide opportunities for environmental protection and enhancement.

Liquid Asset - A liquid asset is an asset which can be turned into cash easily or swiftly with minimum capital loss.

Litter Basket - A Litter Basket is an in-pipe litter and debris collection basket installed within a junction pit of a piped stormwater drainage system.

Loading Zone - A loading zone is a clearly signed areas set aside for short-term use by certain vehicles when loading or unloading goods in the course of business or when dropping off or picking up passengers. Extended parking while loading zones are in operation is not permitted.

Local Law - A local law is a law adopted by a Council that reflects community needs and ensures the good rule and government of the area.

Local Park - A local park is a park that services the social and informal recreational needs of nearby residents.

Local Road - A local road is a road or street primarily used for access to abutting properties. [1].

Local Street - A local street is a street whose main function is to provide access to and from adjacent land uses. [1].

Local Traffic Area Management - Local area traffic management is the process of planning and controlling the usage of streets within a local residential area to achieve goals, determined by affected parties, for the improvement of the residential environment.

Long Term Council Community Plan - A Long Term Council Community Plan (LTCCP) is a comprehensive community based long term plan mandated by the New Zealand Local Government Act 2002.

Long-Term Financial Plan - A long-term financial plan is a financial plan that forecasts expected revenue & expenditure over a period of ten or more years.

Main Road - A Main Road is a road, declared as a main road under an act of parliament, and controlled by the State Government Department responsible for roads.

Maintenance - Maintenance is any activity performed on an asset with a view to ensuring that it is able to deliver an expected level of service until it is scheduled to be renewed, replaced or disposed of.

Maintenance Grading - The term Maintenance Grading is used to describe the grading of unsealed roads. It is very similar to, and is sometimes used interchangeably with the term Patrol Grading. If there is a difference between the two terms it is probably that maintenance grading is a more scheduled activity where the whole of the road is graded irrespective of condition, and that patrol grading is seen as more of a go out and look for problems and fix them when you find them activity.

Maintenance Management - Maintenance Management is the mangement and organisation of maintenance activities

Maintenance Program - A Maintenance Program is the planned roll out of a given maintenance activity.

Major Collector Street - A major collector street is a street that collects traffic from surrounding access streets and/or minor collector streets and carries traffic volumes between 3000 - 6000 vpd.

Major Culvert - The Queensland Grants Commission defines a major culvert as a culvert or culverts with a total span of greater than 6m.